Means and apparatus for concrete construction.



G. EDWARDS, J11. MEANS AND'APPARATUS FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

' APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1910. 1,011 3,591. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

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Q my mmm W. 0. EDWARDS, JR,

MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1910.

1,01 3,591. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

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APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 7, 1910.

1,013,591.. Patented Jan.2,1912.

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APPLICATION FILED JUNE 7, 1910. 1,013,591. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM c. EDWARDS, .13.,

E" KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

MEANS ANT) APPARATUS FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM C. EDWARDS, J r., a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, residing atKansas City, in the county of Jackson andState of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Means andApparatus for Concrete Constructlon; and

I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, reference being had 'to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification.

\ determined, a standard form and reinforcement may beeconomicallysup'plied. Second: To provide adequate means to carry thetension stresses set up in concrete structures. Third: To afford agreater protection to the finished wall from the weather; and fourth:The monolithic construction of concrete structures, wherein thetemporary form and a reinforcement are combined.

The invention consists in certain novel features of concreteconstruction, and in the apparatus and the organization of its parts,for accomplishing the invention, hereinafter fully described andclaimed.

Figure 1, is a view in perspective of the outer walls, taken from thecorner, of a building showing thesame in process of construction. Fig.2, is an isometric-view of sections of the reinforcement, and Fig. 3, isa similar view of the interlocked, adjacent sections. Fig. 4, is avertical, sectional view, taken through the walls of the building, asseen in Fig. 1, showing the keying of the concrete through thereinforcement and the link. Fig. 5, is an isometric view of a flangedseat or bed for the reinforcement, and Fig. 6, is the transverse,flanged reinforcement or, bridging in the walls of the'concrete. Fig. 7,is a plan view of the interlocking sections of the reinforcement, asseen in Fig. 1. Fig. 8, is a plan view of Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented Jan. 2,1912. 1910. Serial No. 565,649.

one of the links supporting the oppositesections. Figs. 9 and 10 arealternate views of the interlocking portions of the reinforcements, andFigs. 11 and 12 are modifications of the interlocking reinforcement tothat seen in Fig. 7. Fig. 13, is an isometric view of the reinforcementsection, as seen in Fig. 1, when employed for arches, and Fig. 14, is aview of circular structure with its reinforcement upon the lines of thecurved portion of Fig. 1.

Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures of thedrawing.

In the application of the invention to the construction of the walls ofa. building, upon a solid foundation 20, there is placed in thedirection of the length of the walls, and horizontally an equal distanceof the length of said walls a bed plate 21, of a proportionate width tothe determined width of the completed wall, longitudinal portions 22, ofwhich are bent upwardly a short distance, forming a trough. This plate21, and its upwardly-extended portions 22 are made with openings 24,corresponding to a series, and preferably staggered, so that thestrength of the reinforcement is' not d1- minished.

For the reinforcement of the homogeneous concrete walls 25, longitudinalsections of a thin, self supporting material, such as a continuous plateof sheet metal is employed, one of these sections being shown in Fig. 2.The single section of the plate extends a short distance in height, andat an intermediate point in the length of the plate a short, transverseportion 2f}, is formed, from which are bent and extended at right anglesthe short portions or offsets 27 and 28 extending longitudinally inrespect to the wall 25. From these angular portions 27 and 28 extend, inopposite directions and transversely to the wall, the portions 29 and30, which together with the oppositelyalined ofi'sets or portions 27 and28 form a stud which as shown is in the form of a double U, and extendoutwardly the desired distance and in proportion to the load to becarried by the wall, and at which point the plate is bent at rightangles, and one lengthor side 31 extended in a parallel plane with theangularportion 27, and in the longitudinal direction of the wall in onedirection, and another portion or length of the plate 32 extended in theother direction and in a parallel plane with the portion 28, Thesepunched'from the inner sur-faces outwardly,

ment, forms a spacing element or member extended inwardly, forming thegrasping portions 33 and 34:, just beyond a line paralspouting theflushing material a considersurfaces of said members 31 and 32 where itis spread; Without the lips only a thin film of the flushed materialcould be retained on material. Such a-thick coating is provided parts,26, 27, 28, 29 and 30, of the reinforcebetween the reinforcements 31 and32. The plates 31 and 32 extend in opposite directions like spacingdistances and in proportion to the load to be carried by the walls, soas to obtain the maximum stress in tension necessary to the constructionof the wall. o

The end portions of the plates 31 and 32, of the section, are bent atright angles and lel with the respective outer surfaces of the portions27 and 28, and at which point the portions of the plate are bent atright anglee and extended a short distance in the ongitudinal directionof the wall, as at 35 and 36, thence bent at right angles and theterminal-portions 37 and 38 extended a short distance transversely tothewall 25, and parallel with the respective portions 33 and 34, of thesection. These portions 37 and 38, being slightly shorter in length thanthe intermediate, transverse portion 26, ofthe section, for the purposefurther explained.

In the portions 31 and 32, of the section of reinforcement, are openings40, which are relatively close to each other, and preferably staggered,theseopenings being stamped or as seen in Fig. 4, producing acement-holding lip, these lips being in series, serve to give a graspingsurface for the cement concrete. These lips not only serve to strengthenand stiffen the plates 31 and 32 of thereinforcement but also afford a.means' for able distance beyond the line of the outer the outersurfaces of the member-s 31 and 32 which is not 'suficient forprotection to the reinforcement from the elements. Neither would such athinfilm of concretematerial on the outer surfaces of the members 31 and32 be sufic'ient to allow them to act in their full capacityof tension.members. Without a relatively thick coating it is also impractical toleave a finished straight and true wall surface without employing otherplastering:

by means of the material carried out throughthese lips. The otherportions of the section of the reinforcement are cut smooth and clean,to form openings, preferably registering with one another, and of therequisite size for the flushing ofa' wet concrete. These openings beingof any suitableconformation, their size, however, such as to v afiordthe passage of the cement concrete.

Upon the bed plate' 21,-the section of reinforcement described is.placed, extendin in the direction of the-length of the bed, and

' forcement.

ment downwardly of the second section 111- terlock, and upon thecompletion of the a section of like construction up i downward movementthe outer surfaces alinement vertically and horizontally, the spacesformed between the inner surfaces of the respective portions 31 and 32,of the reinforcement, being spaced apart the width desired for the bodyof cement concrete A series of reinforcement sections is now placed uponthe bed, in like manner to the above, until the length of thereinforcement is equivalent to the full length of the wall.

It is obvious that to complete the full length of a wall withreinforcement, that. the sections especially at the angle formed by twowalls as a starting point, will require to be shortened, and in fact adead end provided' for openings, such 'as for doors and windows. Forvinstance, in starting the'wall reinforcement at the corner angle of abuilding, as seen in Fig. 1, a portion 41, of. the outer portion 31, ofa section of the reinforcement, isbent inwardly at right angles andextended the width of the section, and a of the portions 31 and 32 arein perfectportion 42, bent in U-sh'ape, to reinforce and" interlock withone of the U-shaped portions 34, 36, 38, of the outer section of therein- An abutting reinforcement, as seen in Fig. 1, may consist of twosections,

of the reinforcement. This en .15 then blocked or closed by theemployment of one of the bed plates 21, as seen in Fig. 5, set in avertical position, and the fianged'portion receivin the cut portions ofthe sections, and wh ch in return is placed against the inner surface orsurfaces of inner portions 32, of the reinforcement, and is secured tothe portion 31 by the link 4:4, as seenv in Fig. 1. Y 7

It will be obvious that the interloeh'ng portions of the reinforcementafiords a strong reinforcement, when combined with the cement in thewall, and as further shown of varied forms and as a part of the buildinconstruction. interloc ing portions divide the reinforce- Inent intoseparate compartments. The wet cut away in vertical lines intermediatethe lines of the transverse interlockin portions These perforatedconcreting material being adapted to be supf plied to each compartmentto fill the same;- the' cement concrete in one compartment links M,asseeniin Fig, 8, are secured to i the portions 31 and-.32, and wetconcrete is supplied to the reinforcement in such plasticity that theflushing takes place-at once, through the openings 40, in the port-ions31 and 32, of the sections as shown in Fig. 4, and also through theperforations or openings in the interlocking portions of the sections,the wet cement flushing throu h and surrounding the interlocking partsbind the sections together. The sections now act as a temporary form tohold the wet concrete vertically in place until the cement concrete hasset, sufiicient wet material being supplied to the sections to fill thesame, and to flush through the openings 40, in the portions 31 and 32,in sufficient quantity and plasticity, so that it may be spread andattain the following object. It is necessary for the proper protectionof the tension members 31 and 32 especially in cases where the finishedstructure is exposed to the ravages of fire or weather, that thesemembers shall be protected by a heavy coating of the concretingmaterial, since from any deterioration in its outer surfaces thestructure might fail by the destruction of the bond between theconcreting material and the reinforcement. It is an established rule inconcrete construction that the tension reinforcing members must beembedded in the concreting material a distance of not less than one halfinch and from that up to two inches from the surface. These sections arenow full of 'wet concrete material, and may be slightly out of plumbvertically. If so, they are brought to a vertical position bymanipulation of the hand, then the material which has flushed throughthe openings of the sections 31 and 32 is spread on on both surfaces bymeans of a wooden or cork float, and a fine, smooth, sand finishedplastered outer layer 45* is obtained, which becomes keyed to the lipsof the opening 40, and homogeneous with the cement aggregate on theinner surfaces of the sections of reinforcement when set. The outerlayer or plastering may be of any required thickness, and if a whitecoat is desired, a single application is all that will be required. Thismethod saves plastering material and the cost of applying the same.

In the erection of partition walls the space between the portions 31 and32 may be narrowed to the limit of safety in concrete construction, andwith the plastering a saving in the thickness of wall attained, which isfrequently of much importance in rooms of small dimensions. The links44, which are hooked at each end and pass through the openings in theportions 31 and 32, of the sections, engage with adjacent openings andserve to hold the said portions of the sections from any distortion ofthe reinforcements in the placing of the cement concrete. Upon thecompletion of the finishing of the wall construction to the height ofthe lower the outer surfaces of the portions 31 and 32,

of the sections of the reinforcement and assist in retaining theseportions in alinement and from spreading, and also serve as a bridging,giving great stiffness horizontally through the wall. These plates areprovided with openings 24* the same manner as the bed plate 21, and forma bed upon which another row of interlocked sections of reinforcement ismounted, the alinement of these sections being retained verticallythereby. Upon the completion of a second tier of sections, the cementconcrete is supplied thereto, and the outer layer finished, as beforedescribed, and this process repeated until the height desired for thewall 1s reached. Upon the hardening of the concrete, the sections ceaseto act in the capacity of a form, and the portions immediately adjacentto the interlocking parts of the sections obtain a solidity of columnconstruction and members 31 and 32 afi'ord great tensile strength andall stress set up in the wall is thus amply provided for.

In Fig. 1 the width of the section, as at 47, is widened to afford thespace necessary for a chimney construction, the core 48 re maining tohold the concrete. Tn this construction the bed plate, 21 may beemployed at the openings for doors or windows, and to cut terminals ofthe portions 31 and 32, of the sections, blocks 49 are secured bystaples 49*. Thus, ase'curing surface is formed for the door and windowframes, and to which interior finish may be attached. The use of thetrough 21, in various lengths, is utilized for openings, and especiallytakes the place of a lintel above the door or window opening, when thecementhas hardened. For the purpose of joining the dead ends of walls toother structural parts, and for leaving spaces in the concrete forweight boxes on window frames, and like purposes, the body of the trough21 ,is varied, as seen at the end of the wall on Fig. 1, and the partssimply bentto form two right angles 21, from a central portion 21,extending in the direction of the wall.

In order to provide for the tension stresses which may vary in wall andcolumn construction, I have discovered the necessity in the constructionof the reinforced building or structure, as embodied in my invention.for providing for such changes from the immediate construction, as shownin Fig. 1, to the interlocking parts as shown in Fig. 9. In thisconstruction, the parts corresponding to 26, 27 and 28, of Fig. 1, in-

stead ofbeing formed on the basis of angles are given the curved form asseen in Fig. 12. In this .modification the single connecting tie 82 isintegral with both longitudinal reinforcements- 7 9 and 80, of a singlesection, the interlocking portions 81 and 77, of the tie beingseparatedfrom each other, the curved lines, however, of the tie being of anS-shape, so that the grasping ends 7 8 and 7 9 form a clench,'around thebends 82, preventing accidental disengagement of the tie.

In Fig. 10 both interlocking parts 83'and 84, of both sections areindependent, there being no continuity ofsections, the angles,

however, being greater than in Fig. 1, and

acute to the longitudinal axis of the concrete wall. In Fig. 11, theinterlocking parts are located upon opposite sides of the longitudinalaxis of the wall, when the reinforcement is composite with the wall. In

this modification the inward extensions 85 and 86 from two endwisesections-each embody along the lines of the longitudinal portions of thesections double U portions 87 and 88, the tie from one side of asection,

to the other being continuous.

In Fig. 12 a continuous tie 89 is formed by the transverse connection atone 'end of twosides of a wall section 90 and 91, and the tie bentinwardly, forming two U-shaped bends 93 and 94, transverse to the wall.The interlocking is efiected bycorresponding-be'nds of a broken tie 92,which inter- -lock,'as-clearly seen, with the parts 93 and $4, of adjacentsectlons, Whenever an arch s required to be made, the sections ofreinforcement may be similar to that shown in Fig. 1, the sections beingobviously short in length, and the portions of the reiniorce ments forthe arch bent to give the gradual lnward conformation to the lowerportions of the sections,as seen in Fig. 13.

1 may, when desired, embody the interlocking of concentric sections 104and 105,

' of a column reinforcement, employing the same interlocking tie as'seen in Fig. 1, to

.- their segments, and'the connecting parts of 1 segments as seenclearly inFig. 14:, the reorced' concentric segments 10.6 and '10? whenthus joined, being a continuation o the curved lines of the wall, asseenin Fig. 1, and obviously the'lines of the inner'sections will beshorter than the lines of the outer sections 1 a The completed concretewall: upon the hardening; of the concrete is not. only fire ;;pr o of.,but resists.every penetration of n 1o1sture, the portions 31' or32 ofthesectio'ns tendi'n to turn the moisture away fi'om the we and theadvantage ,consi'sts,

in my invention, that when the height of vthe wall is reached, bothinner 'and outer surfia'refinishedlsurf :It bein.-ob-

' served, thatin finishing the outer suraces ct outer walls the plasticconcrete may be ven a-rough or smooth surface, the oc locking sectionsor plates, a-

casion demands. In the construction of concrete structures, thelnventlon reduces the cost to the minimum, dispensing with the costlywooden forms and scaffolding heretofore employed, and the materialwhich-is used in plastering the walls by other methods is saved.Furthermore, upon the completion of the height of a building in myinvention, the reinforced concrete has hardened so as to sustain anyimposed weight that the structure is designed to carry, the

walls having been carried up in such stages and bent from one ofthe'outer edges of the spacing. member and having inwardly-ex- .tendedoutwardly-bent U-shaped portions .with its parts sllghtly largerandparallel with the corresponding U-shaped portion of the spacin'member contiguous to the respectlve si e member.

2. A reinforcement comprising compartments f for concrete structuressingle section being composed of a continuous body plate whoseintermediate portion is bent transversely to the body plate from twopoints distanced tram thevrespective ends ofthe plate to form a spacingmember betawietii' two side members in parallel planes, each spacingmember being composed of a short mtermediate portion extendingtransversely to the body portion, from which extend in oppositedirections short portions or ofisets, an from which offsets are extendedinopd rmed of inter osite directions 1 and transverselyto the.

ody section theremaining portions of the spacing member which connectwith the outer edges of the side members, the latter ortions and ofisetsforming reversed double -shaped' ortions. of the spacing member,

the ends 0 the side members being provided with inwardly-extended outwarspacingingember of adjacent section.

. ly-bent portions adapted to in l telescopically v with one, of theU-shaped portions" of the.

3. In concrete walls and similar 'structures, a reinforcement formed ofbody sections or-plates in'parallel planes, transverse spacing membersor plates integral with the lh ody sectio and studs 'inte alwithflthe inp e nehe longit al of the structure-,each spaca mer" and said studsbeing composed a shorti'ntermediate portion e bodysection forming withthe said offsets reversed double U-shaped portions, and separateexternal U-shaped grasping portions of the body sections adapted tograsp the 10 corresponding U-shaped portions of the reversed doubleU-shaped portions of the spacing member of an adjacent section.

WILLIAM G. EDWARDS, JR.

Witnesses AMos W. Bummer, ANNIE L. GREEK.

